How to Measure Inclusions: Methods and Recommendations

​Which method of measurement is best for you?

This webinar will discuss the assessment of nonmetallic indigenous inclusions using metallographic procedures. It will review the ASTM E45 chart rating procedure and updates developed by the speaker, which were subsequently incorporated into the standard. Various methods of measurement including those based on chart images, equations, and stereology will be explored along with examples of their use.

In this webinar, attendees will learn about:

• Why Method A worst-field ratings have been shown in interlaboratory round robins to be subject to serious errors.
• How original chart images had to be modified to effectively use image analysis for E45 ratings.
• Why E45 worst-field chart ratings cannot always be used to prove that the inclusion content of one heat is definitively lower than in another heat.
• How E1245 measurement results are obtained with a statistics based approach and why they are superior to E45 results, which cannot be compared using any statistical method.